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page updated: 26/04/09

DIRECTORATE OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS
HISTORY; POLICE ON MF

page 1 of 6

Document written by Brian Pears (no other details available)


In these days of sophisticated VHF and UHF radio networks which enable our emergency service personnel to remain in constant communication with their control rooms whether in their vehicles or on foot, it is easy to forget just how recently such marvels were confined to the realms of fiction. In the 1950's an adequate supply of pennies was almost as essential to the fireman as his axe - the only way he could contact his control room from the scene of a fire was from the nearest telephone box. The same was true of the policeman on foot patrol until the late 1960's, unless he worked in an area with police pillars or Tardis-style police boxes.

When was radio first used by the emergency services? Incredible as it seems, it was actually in 1900, the last full year of Queen Victoria's reign, during the building of Streatham Fire Station in London. It seems that the fire authorities wanted to pass fire calls from a street station at Streatham Green to a temporary fire station in Mitcham Lane. They were refused permission to run overhead telephone wires and the GPO demanded the ridiculous sum of £280 to lay underground cables, hardly acceptable for a permanent link let alone a temporary one. The innovative solution was to install a Marconi spark-gap transmitter in a caravan parked alongside the Streatham Ironmongery Stores and receiving equipment at the temporary fire station. Apparently the equipment gave satisfactory results. The frequency used is not recorded; at that period it is doubtful if anyone knew or cared.

For the first base to mobile system we have to jump forward to 1922 when the Metropolitan Police in London began installing receivers in a few of their vehicles to receive telegraphy (morse) transmissions from a central control room. The system initially used a frequency around 400 kHz, but this was soon changed to 2000 kHz. For the first time a police force was able to communicate with its mobile units and dispatch them to incidents from wherever they happened to be.

Despite the obvious limitations of the Met's one-way telegraphy system, no doubt it proved highly effective in the fight against crime. Rather surprisingly the idea was not adopted by other forces, and it was not until the General Strike of 1926 that other police forces began looking to radio. The perceived problem at that time was not so much communication with mobiles, but rather communication between forces in the event of civil insurrection accompanied by an interruption to telephone services. Their paranoia is perhaps understandable given that the Russian Revolution was only nine years earlier, and it did have a useful side effect - it brought the potential of radio communication to the notice of several Chief Constables.

The BBC already had a number of broadcasting stations serving the main population centres and the police saw these as a useful communications medium. Typical of such arrangements was that adopted in North-East England; each Chief Constable in the region simply installed a standard broadcast receiver in his office and monitored 5NO, the BBC's Newcastle Station, which broadcast from Blandford House (now the home of the Newcastle Discovery Museum). Suitable receivers were by no means cheap; the Chief Constable of Durham, for example, had to find £30 for his 4-valve receiver - and he got rather a bargain, as the set was valued at £80. Any force requiring assistance would send a message by any means at his disposal to the Newcastle studios at 54 New Bridge Street, and this would then be read over the air and heard by other forces in the area. Coincidentally 5NO changed frequency slightly (from 742 to 737 kHz) for a few weeks beginning in March 1926!

Other more direct arrangements were made using equipment borrowed from radio amateurs. Equipment belonging to a Mr O.B. Kellett (GSKL), for instance, was used to link the headquarters of Southport Police with that of the Lancashire Constabulary at
Preston.

Source: Kevin Carrig

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